Pan et al evaluated the association between changes in red meat consumption during a 4-year period and subsequent 4-year risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in US adults. See the invited commentary by Evans.

Hall et al examine disparities in treatment between groups of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and transmission category at essential steps in the continuum of care. See also the invited commentary by Christopoulos and Havlir.

To determine epidemiological and clinical characteristics of community associated Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and to explore potential sources of C difficile acquisition in the community, Chitnis et al performed an active population-based and laboratory-based CDI surveillance in 8 US states. See the Invited Commentary by Sepkowitz.

To evaluate the association between hypoglycemia and dementia, Yaffe et al studied 783 older adults with diabetes mellitus who were participating in the prospective population-based Health ABC Study beginning in 1997. Dementia diagnosis and hypoglycemic events were determined during the follow-up period. See the Invited Commentary by Lipska and Montori.

Stender and coauthors test the hypothesis that a lifelong increase in plasma bilirubin levels is a causal risk factor for symptomatic gallstone disease.