TY - JOUR T1 - MUlti-item "instruments" vs virginia apgar's principles of clinimetrics AU - Feinstein AR Y1 - 1999/01/25 N1 - 10.1001/archinte.159.2.125 JO - Archives of Internal Medicine SP - 125 EP - 128 VL - 159 IS - 2 N2 - The object of Apgar's attention—the clinical condition of a newborn baby—was not something tangible, like the length of a leg, the color of a fingernail, or the noise of a heart murmur. A baby's condition is an intangible clinical concept or "construct," somewhat like anxiety or congestive heart failure, that is not directly observed as an individual entity, but that can be perceived, interpreted, and rated from a set of pertinent observed phenomena. SN - 0003-9926 M3 - doi: 10.1001/archinte.159.2.125 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.159.2.125 ER -