TY  - JOUR
T1  - Smoking and risk of acute and chronic pancreatitis among women and men: A population-based cohort study
AU  - Tolstrup J, Kristiansen L, Becker U, Grønbæk M
Y1  - 2009/03/23
N1  - 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.601
JO  - Archives of Internal Medicine
SP  - 603
EP  - 609
VL  - 169
IS  - 6
N2  - Background 
    Alcohol and gallstone disease are the most established risk factors for pancreatitis. Smoking is rarely considered to be a cause despite the fact that a few studies have indicated the opposite. We aimed to assess the independent effects of smoking on the risk of pancreatitis.Methods 
    We used data from an observational, population-based cohort study conducted in Denmark. Participants were 9573 women and 8332 men who were followed up for a mean of 20.2 years. Participants underwent a physical examination and completed self-administered questionnaires about lifestyle habits. Information on incident cases of acute and chronic pancreatitis were obtained by record linkage with the Danish national registries.Results 
    A total of 235 cases of pancreatitis occurred during follow-up. A dose-response association between smoking and risk of acute and chronic pancreatitis was observed in both men and women. For example, the hazard ratio of developing pancreatitis was 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-4.7) among women and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.1-6.2) among men who smoked 15 to 24 grams of tobacco per day. Alcohol intake was associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis (hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04-1.14 for each additional drink per day). The risk of pancreatitis associated with smoking, however, was independent of alcohol and gallstone disease. Approximately 46% of cases of pancreatitis were attributable to smoking in this cohort.Conclusion 
    In this population of Danish men and women, smoking was independently associated with increased risk of pancreatitis.
SN  - 0003-9926
M3  - doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.601
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2008.601
ER  -