Background:
Acute myocardial infarction is associated with significantly higher mortality in elderly patients compared with younger patients.
Objectives:
To determine clinical differences in
elderly and younger patients with acute myocardial
infarction. To assess differences in therapies and outcomes between the age groups.
Methods:
Over a 3.5-year period, 2482 consecutive adult
emergency medical services patients with chest pain received prehospital electrocardiograms and were entered
in the Milwaukee Prehospital Chest Pain Database in Milwaukee, Wis. Clinical characteristics that included cardiac history, description of chest pain, time of onset to
presentation, and prevalence of acute myocardial infarction were obtained for all patients. Patients with acute
infarction were further analyzed in reference to type of
infarction (Q wave vs non—Q wave), therapeutic interventions, and mortality. Patients were stratified in 3 age
groups: younger than 70 years (younger), 70 years or older
(elderly), and 80 years or older (very elderly); differences were compared among the age groups.
Results:
Even though more than 50% had a history of documented coronary artery disease, elderly patients with ischemic chest pain delayed more than 6 hours in seeking medical assistance after onset of pain. In elderly patients whose
chest pain represented an acute myocardial infarction, hospital mortality was double that of younger patients. Thrombolytic therapy reduced hospital mortality by approximately
50% in both younger and elderly patients, although thrombolytic therapies were used in only 17% of the elderly
patients compared with 50% of the younger patients
(P<.001). Revascularization procedures were also beneficial in elderly patients as well as in younger patients, although
this procedure, as with thrombolytic therapy, was less
frequently used in elderly patients (48% vs 32%, P<.001).
Conclusions:
Effective methods for reducing time delays from onset of chest pain to accessing health care for
elderly persons deserve investigation. Physicians should
be aware of the benefits of thrombolytic and revascularization therapies in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction.(Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:1089-1093)