THE THERAPEUTIC benefits of love and hope, and of trusted physicians and clergymen, can be explained by the physiologic healing effects of pleasurable stimuli.1 Those effects may also underlie the placebo effect, some nonspecific therapeutic effects of corticoids, and sleep's facilitation of healing and growth.
Organisms experience stimuli as painful, pleasurable, or both as they respond to them. Those experiences are mediated by midline systems in the central nervous system2 that help determine the objective intensity of the responses at the time and the subjective "emotionality" associated with those stimuli, both then and in the future.
THE BASIC NEUROPHYSIOLOGIC SYSTEMS
Pain/Avoidance and Pleasure/Approach The midline system concerned with pain is called "self-preservative" or ergotropic (energy-turning or energy-releasing)3 because it mediates activities involved with safety and survival, removing stress, and emergency "fight or fight"—ie, with pain and eliminating its causes. Avoidance of painful stimuli, the basic movement involved, involves
Register and get free email Table of Contents alerts, saved searches, PowerPoint downloads, CME quizzes, and more
Subscribe for full-text access to content from 1998 forward and a host of useful features
Activate your current subscription (AMA members and current subscribers)
Purchase Online Access to this article for 24 hours
Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature
Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal
Instructions
Thank you for submitting a comment on this article. It will be reviewed by JAMA Internal Medicine editors. You will be notified when your comment has been published. Comments should not exceed 500 words of text and 10 references.
Do not submit personal medical questions or information that could identify a specific patient, questions about a particular case, or general inquiries to an author. Only content that has not been published, posted, or submitted elsewhere should be submitted. By submitting this Comment, you and any coauthors transfer copyright to the journal if your Comment is posted.
* = Required Field
Disclosure of Any Conflicts of Interest* Indicate all relevant conflicts of interest of each author below, including all relevant financial interests, activities, and relationships within the past 3 years including, but not limited to, employment, affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria or payment, speakers’ bureaus, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, donation of medical equipment, or patents planned, pending, or issued. If all authors have none, check "No potential conflicts or relevant financial interests" in the box below. Please also indicate any funding received in support of this work. The information will be posted with your response.
Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.
Download citation file:
Web of Science® Times Cited: 9
Customize your page view by dragging & repositioning the boxes below.
More Listings atJAMACareerCenter.com >
and access these and other features:
Register Now
Enter your username and email address. We'll send you a link to reset your password.
Enter your username and email address. We'll send instructions on how to reset your password to the email address we have on record.
Need assistance?
Athens and Shibboleth are access management services that provide single sign-on to protected resources. They replace the multiple user names and passwords necessary to access subscription-based content with a single user name and password that can be entered once per session. It operates independently of a user's location or IP address. If your institution uses Athens or Shibboleth authentication, please contact your site administrator to receive your user name and password.