Pain in or about the ear, when associated with "clicking," "snapping," or "popping" sensations accompanying jaw movements, has been attributed to malfunctioning temporomandibular joints.1 However, there is considerable controversy concerning the symptoms which can be attributed to disturbed joint function. In 1920, Wright suggested that dysfunction of the joint could produce hearing loss.2 Subsequently, Costen popularized a syndrome which includes impaired hearing, a feeling of fullness in the ears, tinnitus, facial pain, earache, vertigo, nystagmus, occipital headache, burning sensations in the throat, tongue, and side of the nose, dry mouth, herpes of the external ear canal and buccal mucosa, and a snapping noise while chewing.3,4 In a careful reevaluation of the syndrome, Schwartz and co-workers defined two phases: (1) an incoordination phase consisting of clicking and subluxation of the temporomandibular joint and (2) a limitation phase resulting from painful muscle spasm associated with "earache" or poorly localized facial pain.1,5 Despite
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Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature
Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal
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